Binocular Vision Dysfunction (BVD) and Children with Autism or ADHD

Binocular Vision Dysfunction (BVD) is a condition where the eyes struggle to work together as a team, causing vision to be slightly misaligned. Even small misalignments can lead to significant strain on the eyes and brain, as they constantly work to correct the issue. This can result in symptoms such as headaches, dizziness, blurred or double vision, difficulty reading, and even poor balance or coordination.

How is BVD Diagnosed?

BVD is often overlooked because routine eye exams may not detect it. A specialized eye doctor, such as a neuro-optometrist or developmental optometrist, uses advanced testing to evaluate how the eyes work together. These tests may include:

• Eye tracking and movement assessments

• Alignment tests to check for small misalignments

• Depth perception evaluations

• Functional vision screenings

BVD and Children with Autism or ADHD

Research has indicated that children with Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) or Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) are more likely to experience visual processing challenges, including BVD. Since vision plays a critical role in learning, attention, and motor skills, undiagnosed BVD can sometimes contribute to difficulties that mimic or worsen symptoms of ADHD and Autism.

For children with Autism, BVD can heighten sensory sensitivities, increase eye contact avoidance, and contribute to balance or coordination difficulties. Everyday examples include experiencing difficulty throwing and catching objects, frequently running into stationary objects like furniture, and trouble focusing on objects and text up close.

For children with ADHD, struggling to focus visually as a result of BVD can lead to eye fatigue, reading challenges such as seeing words on a page blur together, and difficulty maintaining attention—issues that overlap with existing ADHD symptoms.

What Can Parents Do?

If your child frequently complains of headaches, struggles with reading, avoids near-sighted work, or seems clumsy, it might be worth consulting a specialist. Vision therapy, prism lenses, or other treatments may help improve symptoms and enhance daily functioning.

For More Information:

"Binocular Vision Dysfunction (BVD): Symptoms & Treatments," Cleveland Clinic Health Library.

"BVD is common in Autism Spectrum Disorders," Vivid Visions Optometry blog, February 13, 2023, updated January 4, 2024.